First aid for Anaphylaxis
Introduction
Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction. It is estimated a third of the UK Population will have an allergic reaction at sometime in their life. Anaphylactic shock is caused when the individual is exposed to their allergen. Their body responds by releasing histamine, however this is an over reaction and the body goes into a form of shock.
Common allergens include:
- Peanuts
- Tree nuts such as almonds, walnuts, cashews, Brazils
- Fish and shellfish,
- Dairy products and eggs
- Wasp or bee stings,
- Natural latex (rubber),
- Penicillin and other drugs or injections.
Recognition
- The casualty may appear to be anxious
- Swelling of the throat and mouth
- Flushed, blotchy skin
- Distressed breathing
- Rapid, weak pulse
Treatment
A severe allergic reaction could cause the casualties airway to close within a couple of minutes. Therefore a rapid recognition and treatment are of upmost importance.
- Call 999
- Sit the casualty down to help relieve any breathing difficulties
- Allow the casualty to administer their Epipen or Anapen
- If the casualty is becoming pale and weak consider laying them down to treat for shock
- A second dose of adrenaline can be administered after 5 minutes if the casualty is not showing signs of improvement.